Introduction to wastewater treatment plants.
Wastewater treatment plants are the combination of reactors that process wastewater from various sources, such as domestic, bathrooms, industrial, agricultural & clean sewage and water so that they can be reused, returned to environment safely and sustainably. Wastewater treatment plants use different processes to remove solids, pollutants, organic matter, and harmful pathogens from wastewater. The main objectives of wastewater treatment are to protect public health and to save the environment. The selection and design of reaction processes depend on the characteristics (in terms of BOD, COD, TSS, pH, smell, colour) and Volume of the wastewater to be treated, the discharge requirements as per pollution department, and the local site conditions. Some of the common unit processes are bar screening, grit removal, primary clarifier/sedimentation, aeration activated sludge, trickling filter, MBBR, MBR, SBR, rotating biological contactor, anaerobic digestion, secondary clarification, disinfection, and sludge dewatering via sludge drying bed or filter press.
Top 5 affordable wastewater treatment plants on the market.
Many people & Industries may not have access to adequate wastewater treatment facilities due to high costs, lack of infrastructure, or regulatory barriers. Fortunately, there are some affordable and cheap wastewater treatment plants on the market that can provide effective and sustainable solutions for various needs and contexts.
1. MBBR Wastewater Treatment Plant: This is a compact and modular wastewater treatment plant that uses moving bed bioreactor biological processes to treat domestic & Industrial wastewater. It can handle sewage from 5000 liters per day to 20000 m3 of wastewater per day and can be installed easily. The MBBR is designed to operate with minimal maintenance and energy consumption. It also produces reusable water that can be used for irrigation or flushing toilets. The MBBR costs from 6 lakh and has a lifespan of 40 years.
2. Constructed wetland phytorid: This is a natural wastewater treatment plant that uses plants to purify wastewater. It can treat up to 15 m3 of wastewater per day and does not require any electricity or chemicals. The Constructed wetland phytorid is suitable for rural areas, eco-tourism projects, or off-grid communities. It can also create a natural habitat for wildlife and enhance the landscape. The Constructed wetland phytorid costs around INR 5,50,000/- and has a lifespan of 2 years. Land usage is high.
3. Faecal sludge biological toilet system: This is a composting toilet that converts human waste into organic fertilizer. It can treat up to 50 m3 of wastewater per year and does not require any water or sewage connection. The biological toilet system is a composting toilet utilizing ordinary Water Closets. The systems operate by using just the momentum of the flushing water, centrifugal force and gravity. Faecal sludge biological toilet system for cabins, cottages, or remote locations. It can also reduce water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The Faecal sludge biological toilet system Costs around Rs 3 lakh per system and has a lifespan of 10 years.
4. Anaerobic Digester: This is a biogas plant that converts organic waste into biogas and fertilizer. It can treat up to any m3 of wastewater per day and can generate biogas for usage. The Anaerobic Digester is suitable for households, farms, or small businesses. It can also provide a renewable source of energy and income. The Anaerobic Digester costs around INR 15 lakh and has a lifespan of 10 years.
5. MBR Wastewater: MBR is a process which replaces the tertiary treatment in any wastewater; it is a sensitive process and requires trained operators to handle it. MBR costs around INR 10 lakh and can treat upto any volume of wastewater.
Considerations when selecting a wastewater treatment plant
Wastewater treatment is a vital process for the proper running of factories, industry and residential complexes. However, choosing the right wastewater treatment plant for your needs can be challenging. There are many factors to consider, such as:
Volume of wastewater
Inlet lab tests
Heavy metals if present
Rate at which you want to treat the wastewater.
The environmental impact and sustainability of the plant
How to choose the right wastewater treatment plant for your needs
If you are a factory, Industrial complex, residential complex then MBBR wastewater treatment is recommended because
It can handle high BOD and COD
It is a fast treatment process
Future expansion of plant is easy without increasing the overall footfall
Anyone can handle this machine
If you are farmhouse or site is in rural area where electricity is an issue, then go for Anaerobic wastewater treatment or constructed wetland wastewater treatment.
Richa Environmental is active in the field of water & wastewater since 2010. Our engineering expertise is unmatched. Feel free to contact us for no obligation discussions.